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Day of remembrance of the dead

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Read: 6587     13:47     21 Июнь 2019    

There are many Yazidi religious holidays and Holy days, which are obligatory and common for all Yazidis. It's holidays like Ayda yazidi, Ayda Khidr Nabi and Khidr Aylas, Tarsal, Jamaia of Shakhadi . Chle havine , Chle zvstane  etc. But there are also holidays, specific Yazidi communities. For example, Batismi celebrate only Yazidis tribe chelki - Yazidis of Turabdina (Mardin and Nusaybin) and Jazira. Belinda holiday is only the Yazidis of Iraq, and the holiday Kloch only the Yazidis of the former USSR. One of such Yazidi Holy days "Face of Mazal" (Face of Marzal) is the Yazidis of the former USSR and is associated with the commemoration of the dead. The meaning of the word "Mazal" meaning "grave", as at the burial of the deceased Yazidis rebuilt the inner part of the tomb, it made the carpets "keypad" or "ground" and on top were placed large flat stones of Sal in the form of slabs, plastered with clay in order that the land is not falling directly on the deceased. It turned out a kind of tomb, which was called "tach", "shamik" or "avai". Yazidis buried the dead without a coffin, in a shroud, and "tach" replaced a coffin. It turned out a kind of room for the deceased ie smeared. Sometimes the word Mazal is associated with Mazar (Arabic. مزار "place that is visited"), which was originally understood as "grave". Later in the middle East and Central Asia, the term underwent semantic changes. First, the term "Mazars" was used to refer to graves of saints, dervishes, Wali, Sufi preachers ideas, etc, over the graves built "koubba" of the dome and is annually held "Tawaf" — the day of the visit of the Saint. To this end, held ceremonies, and preparing the Holy food "smut". Before Yezidis after several years deliberately covered the graves of their relatives with earth, so that they were lost. Yazidis spoke: "Rama mazala undabui ba " ("the peace of the lost tomb") and it was done in order that the Gentiles could not desecrate the graves. Yazidis of Sarhad, who had already begun to move to the Russian Empire (to the territory of Armenia) in the XIX century, put stone figures in the form of a lion, a horse and a RAM on the graves of their deceased relatives, which had a certain meaning.

Grave of a wealthy man was decorated with the figure of a RAM (in ancient times it was a solar symbol, and the Yazidis were considered a symbol of prosperity), and if a man was a brave rider, then a horse was placed on his grave, and the lion symbolized courage and generosity.The richest could afford to build a "kumbat" (gumbat) dome, which did not have such a sacred meaning and was different from the "Kubba" of the Yazidi Saint. These figures are still preserved in the old Yazidi cemeteries in Armenia. Turkish official Mehmed Khurshid (1877) indicates the graves of Yazidi Sarada: "On this plain are several graves of Yazidi beys; over them is built of Kubba. On one of them is inscribed Tarikh: "the Whole country of van regretted it. Mortal life he was subjected to oppression. In 1114 he tasted of the Cup of death; leaving a temporary home in this world, he moved forever his stay in the bosom of his ancestors." We have seen this Tarikh»

Mehmed Khurshid tells about the region of Abaga, which was the possession of the Yezidi family Choban-AGI. And the graves that he describes belong to this family.  Only aristocrats or rich people could afford to build a "Kubba" over the grave.

The night from Thursday to Friday (Marin)

"Erysipelas" – exists only in the Yazidis of the former USSR and falls on the first Thursday of the month of haziran (June) on the Eastern calendar (corresponds to the Julian calendar). Yazidis of Iraq, Syria, Turkey, overlook the cemetery on the day of Sarsala (New year, the month of Nissan, i.e., the APR), and other such days they do not.

This day is not a canonical day in the Yazidi religious calendar and is typical only for a separate Yazidi community, i.e. it is a day of regional character. Thursday, or rather the evening from Thursday to Friday, "evarin" (according to the Yazidi tradition after sunset already begins another day) — is the day of the dead, in which the Yazidis take out bread or some dish (face Nane Mriya) in the name of their dead. It is believed that each "Marin" — night from Thursday to Friday – the souls of the dead relatives waiting for their share, which comes to them through the Holy Yezidi World Ezdina (Isdynamic), who sits at the Holy spring of Chania Sleep. Still in Laliche each "Marin" the temple servants bring food to the place of the World Astina. Giving food to the deceased relatives symbolizes doing good (donations) and thus honor their memory. Therefore, Thursday was chosen by the Yazidis of Sarhad as the day of visiting the graves of the dead.

Yazidis tie "Mug Smeared" with the advent of fresh fruit Nubar, "the race of the pelvis", you have the first duty to make the name of the deceased. There is a custom according to which, Yazidis do not eat new fruits until they take one plate of these fruits to their neighbors in the name of their dead. It's only after they touch the fresh fruit. In June, there are many new fruits that Yazidis give to neighbors, and go to the cemetery. As you know, the day before to the Yazidis in the former Soviet Union was not common. Basically this tradition to go to cemeteries on Thursday Jun had long settled at the foot of mount Alagyaz, which is known as Eddie Akhbarana (Yazidis of Aparan). Over time, this day became common for all Yazidis of Armenia and Georgia.

The Yazidis of the Ararat valley were mainly engaged in cattle breeding and in the summer they climbed high into the mountains with their cattle to pastures "zozan", and called it "helger Chya", and when they came down from the mountains in autumn, they called it "dager". In the mountains began to rise in the month of may, therefore, part of the Yazidis could not in June to go to the cemetery. Returned from the mountains in mid-September, and not all at once. Each village and tribe chose any Thursday of September to visit the cemetery. It has been preserved until now in some Yezidi villages. But, in the Yazidis of Aparan, this day never changed, and always fell on the first Thursday of June in the Eastern calendar. Most Yazidi holidays fall on the first week of the month according to the Eastern calendar. So, Aida Ezid gets on the first Friday of December (on the Julian calendar), i.e. after December 13 the first Friday (on the Gregorian calendar). Erysipelas Mazala is also counted after June 13, but falls on the first Thursday.

In Tbilisi, at one time, the Face of Mazal was noted twice. On the first Thursday of June, all Yezidis, relatives of the deceased, went to the cemetery, and a week earlier, only those who had the deceased in the family, after the death of which not yet passed one year, went to the cemetery. Later in the late 60's decided to leave only one day.

Ceremonies

On the "Face smeared" Yazidis bought fruit, cooked meat dishes, took out the neighbors, and then went up to the cemetery. Mostly Botkinskoe cemetery, Kocisko cemetery, Dampalo (Cemetery III-missisquoi), in the last 30 years Mukhatgverdi the cemetery, too.

In the morning the cemetery was already crowded, each at the graves of their relatives. Sheikhs and peers – members of the clergy visited the graves of their medow where they read the funeral prayer (Kaul and Tarkin), and then the relatives of the deceased gave them donations, "mache tarkine" or "dick on". First, Tariq (Sheikh and PIR) on his arrival at the cemetery read a common prayer for the repose of the souls of the deceased in the name of Saadi (dick nave of Saadi), and then bypass bypass their medow.

After the collapse of the USSR and the difficult political and socio-economic situation, a significant part of the Yazidis left Georgia and moved to Russia, Ukraine and Western Europe. Many of them come to Tbilisi every year to honor the memory of their deceased relatives.

 

Pir Dmitry Pirbari





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